After the use of standard light bulbs with incandescent tungsten filaments was banned, the development of light sources took three different directions – the use of halogen light bulbs sealed in standard casing, the replacement of light bulbs with compact flourescent tubes, and the substitution of light bulbs for discrete performance light emitting diodes (LEDs). Each of these alternatives had a number of disadvantages in comparison with classic light bulbs. The only advantage was higher efficiency. (Halogen – relativly low efficiency – (class D), short lifespan. Compact fluorescent tubes – light builds slowly, bad start in low temperatures, flickering, unsightly shape, bulky ballasts, mercury content, lifespan. Discrete LED – directionality, unsightly form due to cooling).

The majority of these drawbacks are now being eliminated by new LED filament technology, rods assembled from a series of small LEDs and equipped with a luminophore layer. One rod has a luminosity of around 100 lm/W. The rods are inserted into classic bulbs in a similar way to tungsten filaments in original light bulbs. These light bulbs radiate in all directions, do not require coolers, and their luminous efficacy corresponds to class A+. The lifespan of such bulbs exceeds 40,000 hours and switching frequency is not limited. They can function in a wide range of temperatures from -25 to +45°C and power supply ranges from 110 ÷ 240 V/50Hz. They are produced in colour designs from warm white 2700°K to day white light 6000°K.